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Discharge modeling in the Multiscale Dynamics group at CWI
Lightning phenomena, plasma processing, plasma medicine and high voltage technology are governed by similar physical mechanisms. These mechanisms evolve on multiple scales in space and time, frequently ordered in a hierarchical structure. A main focus of the Multiscale Dynamics group at CWI is a better understanding of rapidly pulsed discharges in air and other media (streamers, leaders, nanosecond pulsed discharges, plasma bullets, terrestrial gamma-ray flashes, transient luminous events etc.), in collaboration with colleagues in plasma physics, electrical and mechanical engineering, atmospheric electricity and cosmic particle physics. Experimental investigations, theory and numerical simulations complement each other in providing a route to understanding.
Here we provide and describe the codes that we have developed for this purpose. We do this to allow others to use (part of) it, to extract ideas, to give us feedback, and to allow reproduction and checking of (published) results. If you use our codes, please honor our intellectual property by quoting the paper(s) related to the codes, as indicated.
We also provide links to codes and databases of other groups that we have found useful.
Codes (and subroutines) developed in the group:
- ARCoS link: Adaptive Refinement Code of Streamers, a fluid code with 2.5D adaptive grid refinement, developed consecutively by C. Montijn, W. Hundsdorfer, A. Luque, G. Wormeester, M. Nool and U. Ebert.
- JANNIS 3d MC
- PumpKin link: Pathway redUction Method for Plasma KINetic models, developed by A.H. Markosyan, A. Luque and F.J. Gordillo-Vazquez.
- Miscellaneous: subroutine for electron nucleus Bremsstrahlung by C. Köhn.
Codes and databases of other groups that we have found useful:
- LXCat link: An open-access website for collecting, displaying, and downloading electron and ion scattering cross sections, swarm parameters (mobility, diffusion coefficient, etc.), reaction rates, energy distribution functions, etc. and other data required for modeling low temperature plasmas.
- (2 term) Boltzmann solvers: the classical one by Hagelaar and Pitchford, and an open source version by Luque.
- ZDPlasKin link: Zero-Dimensional Plasma Kinetics solver by S. Pancheshnyi, B. Eismann, G.J.M. Hagelaar, L.C. Pitchford in Toulouse, France.
- QtPlaskin link: a graphical interface to analyze results from a plasma kinetic code such as ZdPlasKin by Luque.
- GREMPY link: GRanada Electro-Magnetic PYthon solver by Luque.
- strees link: Simulation of 3D streamer trees, developed by Luque, and used in this paper.
- CORSIKA link CORSIKA (COsmic Ray SImulations for KAscade) is a program for detailed simulation of extensive air showers initiated by high energy cosmic ray particles. D. Heck, J. Knapp, J.N. Capdevielle, G. Schatz, T. Thouw (1998).
- EGS5 link: The EGS5 code system is documented in The EGS5 Code System, by H. Hirayama, Y. Namito, A.F. Bielajew, S.J. Wilderman and W.R. Nelson, SLAC-R-730 (2005) and KEK Report 2005-8 (2005).